African
Journals Online
African Journal of Livestock Extension (Ajlex)
Volume 2 July
2003
ABSTRACTS
Economics of duck marketing in Oyo State Of Nigeria
Saka J.O.1, A.K. Tiamiyu1 and C.N. Okpeze2
1Institue of Agricultural Research and Training, P.M.B. 5029, Moor Plantation, Ibadan
2Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, Ibadan.
Abstract
This study examines the economics of duck marketing in Oyo State with the aim of identifying the marketing channels and determining the efficiency and constraints associated with the trade in Oyo State. The marketing survey involved 50 duck traders selected from Ibadan, Oyo and Ogbomoso.
Majority
(72%) of the marketers procured their stock of duck from rural areas through
middlemen (46%). The muscory duck (Cairina moschata) was the
commonest species sold by 86% of the traders.
Prices of drake (N557.30) were significantly higher than prices
of duck (N424.90) across the locations and also ducks were sold at
significantly higher prices during festival periods than non-festival periods
(p<0.01). Marketing profit was 31.2%
of the total marketing cost and 68.9% of the marketing margin, thus indicating
that the marketing system for duck in Oyo State is economically efficient.
Keywords: Economics, Duck Marketing, Oyo State
Wildlife-human interface: a case study of Yankari National Park Bauchi State
Akinyemi A. F. and I. A. Ayodele
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan
Abstract
Most of the serious problems facing protected areas in Africa today has a human component. Among the more common problems are human encroachment, unauthorized harvesting of resources, and the conflict between wildlife managers and local people.
The study illustrates the major wild animals, agricultural and livestock pest in the study area and the attitudes of the farmers/villagers to wild animal species. A land-use planning system that incorporate a floating zoning system which ultimately merge with a permanent zoning system with range of vegetation such as multipurpose trees and shrubs (MPTS) around the park will allow traditional grazing and avoid conflict with local people.
Growth performance of African Giant Land Snails (Archachatina marginata) on dried kola nut testa and palm kernel cake mixture
Hamzat1, R. A., A.J. Omole2, A.O. Oredein3 and O. G. Longe4
1Crop Utilization Unit, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan. Nigeria
2Institute of Agricultural Research and Training(IAR&T),Ibadan.
3Federal College of Agricultural Technology, Moor Plantation, Ibadan.
4 Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Abstract
This experiment was set up to assess the sensory evaluation of African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) fed dried kola nut testa (DKT) and palm kernel cake mixture (PKC). A total of 72 snails were randomly distributed into four (4) dietary treatments which were replicated 3 times with 6 snails per replicate in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: A (100% fresh pawpaw leaf); B (75% DKT: 25% PKC); C (50% DKT: 50% PKC) and D (25% DKT: 75% PKC). The result revealed significant differences (P< 0.05) in aperture radius, weight gain, shell length and carcass values but there were no significant differences (>0.05) in shell breadth and feed intake. Values recorded for aparture raduis and weight gain were: 2.14cm,2.62cm, 2.43cm and 2.53cm and 20.00cm, 39.96cm 30.15cm and 21.56cm respectively for diets A,B,C and D. As for the carcass analysis the dressing (%),shell/liveweight (%),and visceral/liveweight (%),the values obtained were:37.07,37.89,36.02,and 36.91; 22.31,31.80,29.67 and 28.45; and 13.46,26.42,27.20 and 20.02 for snails fed diets A,B,C, and D respectively. The performance characteristic and carcass values obtained shows that diet B was the best while diet D was the least of all the diet. This study hence established that it is practicable and possible to feed dried kolanut testa and palm kernel cake mixture- a simple concentrate formula for farmer, in feeding African giant land snails (Achachatina marginata).This study will provide a background to effectively utilize the kola testa, regarded as wastes in kola plantations in Nigeria.
Key words: Snails, Dried Kola Testa, Weight gain and Carcass. .
Socio-economic analysis of artisanal fisher folks in arid zone of Nigeria: a case study of Katsina State
Akpoko, J. G,
Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB, 1044, Zaria, Nigeria.
Abstract
As strange as it might seem, the arid zone of Nigeria, for all its water resource problems, contains some of the most productive inland fisheries in the whole of the country. Although there is no reliable estimate of annual production, it is widely recognized that the zone constitute an important fisheries area of Nigeria. This study was undertaken to establish the socio-economic characteristics of artisanal fisher folks in the arid zone of Nigeria to provide a much-needed base-line of information which could be used to set priorities for future planning and research. Katsina State was selected for the study and the bulk of the data were gathered between September, 2001 and June, 2002 through two phases of field work. The data shows that all the respondents were males, not surprising, because women involvement in agricultural production in the study area is insignificant. Fishing was the major occupation for 60 percent of them and the major source of income in each study site.Fish production was largely from streams, rivers, fadama, dams and ponds or pools. About 13 fish groups were mentioned as commonly found in the study sites. The study also reveals that major changes have occurred in the villages over the last 10 years as a results of fishing activities. This study has, therefore, established a base-line of information with a number of key policy issues emerging for future planning and research.
Marketing functions and determinants of profit among frozen chicken marketers in Ibadan
Oyekale* A.S., T.T. Awoyemi* and O.I. Jaiyebo**
* Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.
** Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan.
Abstract
This study attempted to estimate the
cost of performing some functions in frozen chicken marketing and determined
the major factors affecting the profit level of the marketers. Using data
collected from 10 wholesalers and 29 retailers in Ibadan metropolis, the
transportation costs per kilogram of frozen chicken were N1.20 and N1.80
for wholesalers and retailers respectively, and storage costs were N1.00
and N1.50 resources. Average monthly profits in frozen chicken marketing
were N244,700.00 and N20,830.00 for wholesalers and retailers
respectively. Returns on N 1.00 invested were N0.16 for
wholesalers and N0.12 for retailers. From the regression analysis,
profit level was determined by scale of operation and year of experience. It
was recommended that poultry farming should be encouraged and marketers need to
seek for funds to expand the scale of their operation for higher profits.
Keywords: Marketing function, frozen chicken, wholesalers, retailers, profit
Technical indices of performance in poultry production by size in Ogun-State, Nigeria
Agbabiaje J.O.
Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational Education Federal College of Education, Abeokuta
Abstract
Poultry production is a popular venture in Ogun State and intensive production gained prominence in Nigeria since the early 60s. Farmers in their attempt to use resources to achieve desired goals make decisions, which involve resource allocation. In the research certain questions were addressed. The research empirically investigated the performance of intensive poultry farms in Ogun State and estimated the technical efficiencies by size. A multistage sampling technique was employed to collect primary data from 140 farms in the State. The stochastic frontier production function analysis was adopted to determine the technical efficiency/inefficiency indices of resource use on the different farm sizes. MLE estimates of the econometric model revealed that flock size, labour, feed, fixed input and chemical input resources are the major factors associated with changes in poultry production. The level of technical efficiency varied widely across size groups, and efficiency was found to be higher among small and medium size farms than the large sizes. The mean farm specific technical efficiency indices were found to be 0.9984 0.9952 & 0.9771 for small, medium and large sizes. The conclusion is that technical efficiency decreases with size as farmers who operate on small sizes are constrained to allocate their meager resources more efficiently than the large size farms.
Assessment of veterinary extension services to livestock farmers in Egba Division, Ogun-State, Nigeria
Adeokun O.A and J.O. Akinyemi
College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun-state, Nigeria
Abstract
The study examined operational modes of providing veterinary extension services to livestock farmers in Egba-Division, Ogun-State Nigeria. Information was obtained from 120 livestock farmers and 8 extension agents selected through multi-stage random sampling technique with the use of both structured questionnaire and interview schedule. The study revealed that veterinary extension services to the livestock farmers were inadequate. Identified constraints include inadequate funding, lack of transportation facilities and poor incentives among others. Chi-square results revealed significant relationship between effectiveness of veterinary extension services and adoption of innovations by livestock farmers (c2cal. = 49.33; c2tab. = 18.55; p<0.05) while there was no significant relationship between effectiveness of veterinary extension services and constraints faced by veterinary extension agents (c2 cal = 10.83; c2 tab=29.30, p>0.05). These results revealed that effective contact with extension services was crucial to increased adoption of innovations by livestock farmers and that despite the identified constraints veterinary extension agents could still strive to perform using self initiatives as at when necessary.
Backyard animal farming: as urban survival strategy in Obafemi Awolowo University Campus, Ile Ife, Osun State Nigeria
Alabi, R.A.1 and , K.D. Samuel.2
1Dept. of Agric. Economics and Extension, Ambrose Alli University, P.M.B 14,
Ekpoma Edo State, Nigeria.
2Dept. of Agric Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is assessment of the nature of backyard animal farming in OAU, campus, Ile Ife, Osun State. In order to satisfy the objective, data were collected from 56 respondents residing in Junior Staff Quarters of the university. The analyzed data revealed that backyard animal farming is being practiced in the university campus. The average age of the involved is 47years. They have flock size of15. Also 89% of them have education certificates, while 94.64% of them keep animal at their backyard. Only 16.98% of them keep exotic poultry. Majority of them (77.36%) consumed these animals at home. Their main constraint is pest and disease (66.67%). The study recommends inclusion of exotic breed of animal that are adapted to their local environment in their animal combination. Service of trained Veterinary Doctor should be made available and affordable to this set of farmers. Adequate fencing was also suggested.
Survey of traditional use of medicinal plants in peasant livestock farming in South West Nigeria
Eniolorunda O.O.
Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Sciences, O.O.U. Ago-Iwoye
Ogun State. Nigeria.
Abstract
Animals are kept in free roaming herd, in the south western states of the country. Although the potentials of these animals is great, mortality from disease constitute serious impediment to its production in Nigeria.
Data was collected from three (3) selected villages/towns in each of the six (6) states consisting of one thousand, eight hundred respondents (1,800) in all.
About 40% of the respondents in this study were found to use traditional medicine to treat their stock. Natural substances of plant origin, which provide a rich source of botanical anthelmintics, antibacterials and insecticides, were used by the respondents to kill or repel parasitic arthropods on livestock.
There had been a good effort by the rural farmers to solve their own problems through indigenous knowledge systems and the solutions were to some extent successful.
Comparative study of the efficacies of two brands of Ivermectin on Acarina ticks of cattle
Talabi, 1A. O., 1M.A. Oyekunle, 1E.O. Martins and 2A. M. Talabi.
1Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State.
2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State.
Abstract
The efficacies of two brands of ivermectin on acarina ticks of cattle were studied in a herd of 12 N’dama crosses at Ijebu – Igbo, Ogun State. All the animals were naturally infested with Boophilus decoloratus,Hyalomma truncatum and Rhipicephalus evertsi. They were randomly divided into three groups of four animals each. Animals in groups A and B were treated with Ivojec® and Ivomec® respectively at a dose of 0.2mg / kg body weight subcutaneously. Animals in group C were left untreated. The animals were observed over a period of 28 days during which the Packed Cell Volume (PCV) values and presence or absence of ticks were determined weekly. By the 7th day post – treatment, all treated animals were free of ticks while untreated animals had tick infestation throughout the course of study. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the post treatment mean PCV values between treated and untreated animals. This study therefore shows that Ivojec® is as effective as Ivomec® in the control of acarina ticks, even though its price is a third of that of Ivomec® in the Nigerian market.
Keywords: Cattle, efficacy, ivermectin, ogun state, ticks.
Factors associated with adoption of improved rabbit management practices and its implication on household food and nutrition security in Osun State.
Adisa, B.O. and M.A. Oladoja
Department of Agricultural Extension & Rural Sociology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Ogun State.
Abstract
The study was undertaken to identify factors affecting the adoption of improved rabbit management practices and its implication on household food security in Ogun State, Nigeria. A structured interview schedule was utilized in obtaining information from one hundred and seventy eight (178) respondents. Data were analyzed using percentages, multiple regression and factor analysis. The stock, vaccination, deworming, use of kindling box and use of pellet plus forages for feeding were most adopted. Males dominate the production of rabbits in the study area. It equally revealed that age, education and years of experience significantly influences adoption of improved rabbit management practices. They were: “Economic factors”, ‘Nutritional factor” and “Housing factors”. It was therefore recommended that effort should be intensified by extension agents in encouraging and motivating rabbit keepers to increase their stock and adopt more rabbit innovations. Micro credit opportunities should be provided for rabbit keepers at a moderate of interest. This will undoubtedly increase rabbit production and ensure adequate nutrition for every household through protein consumption. Thereby enabling developing countries like Nigeria to attain household food and nutritional self-sufficiency.
Demographic characteristics related to consumption of snail meat among inhabitants of Bori, Nigeria.
Nodu1, M.B., O.M Adesope2, and E.CMatthews-Njoku2
1 Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education (Technical),
Omoku, Rivers State, Nigeria
2 Department of Agricultural Extension, Federal University of Technology
Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study investigates the
demographic characteristics related to the consumption of snail meat in Bori,
Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 48 respondents who were
systematically selected from 24 households in the study area. Data analysis was
by the use of both descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential
(chi-square) statistics. Findings of the study revealed that most of the
respondents are male, single, between 20 and 30 years and have formal
education. Also it was found that most respondents earn between N1, 000
and N10, 000 as income. Consumption level (number of snails) of snail meat was
found to be high (70.83%), but frequency (number of times) of consumption was
low (93.75%). The study found no significant relationship between gender,
marital status, age, education, income and consumption level of snail meat.
However, significant relationship was found between frequency of snail meat
consumption and gender, marital status, education. It was recommended that
government and non government-owned livestock extension organizations in the
area should intensify awareness about importance of snail meat and also
encourage domestication of snails.
Performance of giant land snail Archachatina marginata fed varying levels of kola nut shell
Adeyemo A. I. and O.T. Wiwolokun
Department of fisheries and wildlife, Federal University of technology, Akure, Nigeria
Abstract
Forty eight giant land snails’ hatchings (one week old) were randomly divided into 4 equal groups according to body weight. There were four dietary treatment and three replicates in each while the snails were kept in separate cages. Varying levels of maize was replaced by Kola nut shell (KNS) in the experimental diet. The diets were 0.20, 40, and 60% KNS. They were fed ad-libitum throughout the experimental period. There was no significant difference in the performance of snails on the control and the 40% KNS diets. However, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the performance of these on the control diet and the 60% KNS percentage mortality was relatively low at low intake of KNS.
The economic analysis of beef marketing in Akure, Ondo State
Ogundele* O.O., V.O. Okoruwa**
*Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research(NISER),Ibadan.
**Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan.
Abstract
This study examined the economic efficiency of beef marketing in Akure, Ondo State. In this regard, the different marketing function performed by the beef sellers were identified and evaluated. Also the size and different components of beef marketing costs and margins were determined. A total sample of 110 respondents were randomly selected from three markets in the study area. Descriptive statistics and some other mathematical computations were also carried out.The evaluation of the beef sellers marketing efficiency showed that they are highly efficient with average efficiency ratio of 0.85. Analysis of the size and different components of marketing costs and margins revealed that purchase cost and transportation cost constituted the highest share of the total marketing cost. The gross and profit margin analysis also showed that beef sellers had high margins. When the gross and profit margins were expressed as a percentage of total revenue, the average was found to be 22.62 and 14.41 per cent respectively.
Keywords: Beef, Marketing Margin, Marketing efficiency.
Status of small ruminant production in six selected communities in Delta State, Nigeria.
Onemolease, E.A.
Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. Nigeria.
Abstract
The study examined the status of
small ruminant production in some selected communities in Delta State vis-à-vis
identifying the type of people involved in it; their response to modern
livestock practices and determining factors affecting their stock size. Data
were obtained from 90 respondents. Results of data analysis showed the
respondents’ mean age, household size, stock size, net income were 46 years, 9,
10 and N10,388.00 respectively. Small ruminant farming is dominated by
females, illiterates and married people whose use of modern livestock practices
was low. Goat was the predominant animal kept under a largely semi-intensive
system. Contact with extension agents was almost non-existent while pest and
disease infestation, inadequate capital and theft of animals were important production
constraints. Producers should be discouraged from self-advised animal
medication, while the extension agency should improve its services to small
ruminant producers.
Key words: Small ruminant, stock size
Fishing activities and fish species diversity assessment in Eleiyele Lake, Ibadan, Nigeria
Timothy Sunday Olaniran
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Abstract
The study was carried out for 12 months during which the fishermen catches were monitored and fishing activities were assessed in Eleiyele Lake, Ibadan. The fish species at landing sites on the lake were identified using morphometric and meristic features. Fish species composition recorded in Eleiyele reservor in this study belong to 5 families: Cichlidae, Centropomide, Hepsetidae, Gymnachidae and Bagridae. The relative abundance assessment revealed Tilapia zillii and Sarotherodon galilaeus as dominant species. The Standard Length and Somatic Weight measurements of the two dominant species showed the size range of 10.0cm-28.0cm and 12.5cm-33.0cm, 50.0g-800g and 50.0g-1150.0g respectively. The fishing activities in the reservoir revealed that the gears being used are predominantly gill and cast nets. It was noted that there was a decline of fish species composition in the lake over time. It is recommended that stringent enforcement of fishing laws and regulations be adopted for sustainable management of fisheries in the reservoir.
Comparative studies on organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of beef and Texturized Vegetable Protein (TVP)
Osho, S. M.
College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University.P.M.B 2002, Ogun State.
Abstract
The search for alternative sources of inexpensive protein has led to the promotion of utilization of soybean in order to enhance food security. Low consumption of meat is associated with high poverty level, and protein deficiency in Nigeria. Meat analogue (Texturized Vegetable Protein – TVP) was processed from protein concentrate and defatted soybean flour, and was flavoured as beef and compared to beef from animal source.
The nutritional composition of beef and TVP reveal that TVP has higher protein content of 51.2% than beef (20.6%). Moisture content is higher in beef (67.8%) than in TVP, (7.1%) while there is no carbohydrate in beef but about 30.3% is found in TVP. Fat is also higher in beef (13.2%) than TVP (11.2%). While minerals like calcium, iron and vitamins like niacin, and B6are higher in TVP than in beef. Iron is 12.7mg/g in TVP and 3.6mg/g in beef, while calcium is 250.9mg/g in TVP and 10.8mg/g in beef.
There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) between beef and TVP when it was cooked in stew and vegetable soup. There was significant (P < 0.05) difference between beef and TVP when it was fried. TVP was found to be acceptable in Iluju, Lanlate, Adana, Igangan and Iroko villages for vegetable soup, while Ikoyi and Oniyo found it acceptable in stew.
Due to high protein content and high acceptability of TVP they can be used as protein intervention in places where the diet is poor in protein.
Optimal stocking densities of snails [Archachatina marginata saturalis (Swainson)] in the swamp forest zone of Nigeria
Ogogo, A. Ua and Ayodele, I. Ab
a Department of Crop Science University of Calabar, Calabar Nigeria.
b Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria.
Abstract
Optimal stocking densities of breeding and fattening snails [Archachatina marginata Saturalis A.m.s (Swainson)] were determined through two experiments (five treatments, four replicates and randomised complete block design each) between April and December 1998.Experiment 1 had 3,6, 12, 17 and 22 A.m.s. adult snails per cage of 6ocm by 42cm. Treatments 1 to 111 with mortalities of 0.0, 6.4 and 7.3% were not significantly different (P> 0.05) from each other but were better and significantly different (P<0.05) from treatments IV and V (7.9 and 9.7% respectively). Clutch size and percentage hatchability of eggs were not significantly different (P>0.05) between the treatments. 5 snails per cage was uneconomic. 6 to 12 snails per cage (22 to 44 snails per m2) was recommended as the optimal stocking density of breeding snails of A.m.s. Experiment II had 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 A.m.s. fattening snails per cage of 20cm x 20cm.Treatments I to III with mean daily weight gains of 3.3g, 2.6g and 3.0g mean feed conversion ratios of 3.9,6.3 and 6.0 and mean shell length gains of 1.7, 0.9 and 0.9mm were not significantly different (P>0.05) from each other, but were better and significantly different (P<0.05) from treatments IV and V which had 1.3g and 1.2g; 14.5 and 12.4; and 0.7mm and 0.7mm respectively. 2 snails per cage was uneconomic. 3 to 4 snails per cage (75 to 100 snails per m2) was recommended as the optimal stocking density of fattening snails of A.m.s.
Growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings raised under different water quality conditions
Bamidele O. Omitoyin
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria.
Abstract
The growth performance and nutrient utilization of C. gariepinus fingerlings under different water quality conditions (static renewal; flow through and aeration with static renewal) was investigated under laboratory condition for 63 days.
Growth performance in
terms of weight gain indicated that fish raise in flow through system had the
highest value of 3.73 
0.27g which was
significantly different (P<0.05) from fish raised in aerated with static
renewal (2.56 
0.04g) and static
renewal (2.35 
0.32g). Specific
growth rate (%) of fish raised in flow
through system was 4.57 
0.35 which was
significantly different (P<0.05) from those raised in aerated and static
renewal system with 3.44 
0.40 and 3.20 
0.36 respectively.
Feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and percentage survival rate
followed similar pattern with specific growth rate. Water quality analysis
showed that flow through system was significantly different (P<0.05) in the
values of pH(7.50) dissolved oxygen (DO) (75.50mg/l); carbon IV oxide (CO2
(10.8mg/1) and ammonia (NH3) (0.28mg/l) when compared with the values
of 68.6.90mg/l; 13.08mg/ and 0.32mg/l for aerated system and 6.60; 6.10mgll;
12.19mg/l and 0.32mg/1 for state renewal system. Biological oxygen demand (BOD)
value was highest (0.51mg/l) in static renewal which was significantly higher
(P<0.55) than all the other treatments. Fish raised in flow through system
shows the best overall performance followed by those raised in aerated system
and static renewal.